Electrical repeater circuit



Dec. 25, 1934. A, MCL. N co som 1,985,686

ELECTRICAL REPEATER CIRCUIT Filed March 22, 1932 INVENTOR AlexanderMELEHII Ninulsun ATTORNEY invention relates to repeater'circuits andparticularly to' such circ'uits employing electrical discharge tubes forrectification or amplification.

object of 1 the 1 inventio is 'to' emeiently detebt and amplify eletricalLsigfiia'Lls-with fidelity.

*Another olc'je'ct offjthe I invention is to obtain rectificationand-{amplification offelectrical currents with"circuits employingdisch'arge devices having no-thermionically active elenient.

further objecfi of the' invention isto provide a receiving circuitforfl'electrical' 'signalsi i r Vacuum tube amplifying circuits of manytypes are wllknown such 'as those commonly -used for radio'cbmrriunications in which discharge :tubes are -er'riployed "having"thermie'nically active" elements and a plurality of cold electrodes"in-an ,evalcuatewenvelope. Cir'cuits of other typesare well" known-"such those employing; repeater tubeshaving solely cold "electrodes andin which existsan'ioni'z'able "ga's'fo'r producing the controllableznedium such as ions! Circuits jfor these tubes' h'aye been; common usein"-'radio coinmu-' nications as radio and audio-frequency amplifiersand detectors of ele tromagnetic ayes orfelec- I i r? 411? Li? .I :lj'j'ILL I fIli'e present inve tieri contemplates -recti'fyi'ng andamplifying circuits' for the vacuum'dischar'ge devices F. disclosed ininy -"Patent "No'. 1 ,97 2;49 1 =issuedj=September 4', 1 93 hese;devices having piezoelectric crystals for oduci-rig ior'iization of agas sueh as' neonj-heliuin, or "a; ixture thereof; inanenvelepeeyacuated'toa; pressure of several millimeters "of 'rri'e'rcurynElectrodes are placed adjacent tocr in cor' tact with a; crystarrer thepurpose 1 of vibratingitjtd "the point 'whereit ionthe adjacent"gas-while o'ther electrodes'serv' ing as anodes and control electrodesare positioned'ih a manner well *knewn in the artw- Circults used forsu'eh discharge dvi-ces are simple and e'ffic'ie'nt as will be'disclosed hereinafter; "The inyention will be '-mdre"- f-ullyunde'rs'toow ay: ref erence' to -thefollowirig de'scfipti'on taken ineon-f junction with the ccempanying drawing in UNIT ED STAT ES 19 38 1 Xa fishermen rmrm'raa" cntcurr "signor' to Communication Patents, In'c;,Yorhlfiki acorporation oflDelaware. iaisncassimrtnizz, 1932,seria1-No.660,4s9 .a claims; (ci zso zo fiF frequency currents-fmay be through aninput 10 transformer 16; while'the output may betransmitted throughoutput transformer 17 To eliminateany interference from the'source 12whose frequency 'may befwithin the audio frequency band asfwellflas'supersonie-the' connection from the control electrode and anode is madeto the mid -point of a"resistance 18 connected across the source 12. Thecircuit repeats and amplifies the signals irnpressedon the input circuit16 in the usualrnanner of a thermioriicamplifier. i w 20 In Fig. )2 asimilar circuit arrangementis shown, like nurneralsbeing givento likeelements, the cathode crystal element being supplied through a transformer 19. The arrangementin this circuit is one in whichthe' two crystal{plates 20 and" 21 are mounted" upon i'nsulatin g supports 23 and 24 ofglass or lavite. Electrodes-25 and 26 aref fastenedtcthe supports}electrode 25 being fastened between the crystal plates,and electrode 26near the outer fa'ceof one 'of the plates. 30 This construction providesa 'free surface for crystal 20over which ionization can occur whenthiscrystal element isvibrated along with crystal 21 "which isenergizedrmm't e source 12. In this circuit, the anode and controhelectrodereturn connections niaybe to the mid-point of the secondary'oftransformer 19. l t F Now"referring"=to Fig; 3, a similar circuitarrangement to that injFigsll-and 2 is shown'with similar elementsidentically; numberedbut 40 which a'crystal 30 is positioned between twoU-" shaped electrodes 31 and 32, these electrodes either supporting thecrystal crbeing held adjacent thereto, the crystal" being independentlysupported from the-tub prss. In this circuit riations, not only on thecrystal electrodes 31 and 32,:but also-on the control ele'ctrodev, thisvariation being at a frequency which it is desired to repeat; With -thisarrangement, it is necessary that a super-audible frequency be suppliedto the crystal from the source 12 so this energizing frequency will notinterfere with the transmission of the desired signals.

Fig. 4, shows rectifying tube 35 in which a crystal element 36 ismounted upon a press 37 in any suitable manner and energized throughelectrodes 3 8,,and ,=.39 Positioned around the crystal struqtiirei isan anode lelectrode 42 which is connected in a' circuit througha load 43and the secondary of transformer 44. The tube in may be tuned y avariable condenser 51:-shuntingi: the Primary of input transformer 53,,hi

connected to the input of a radio frequency 'ampli iyins t beoa: lneinuuircuit ietli sttube' ay beg unedibrta. ve iab etoond n e 5o tube t l-isid n ical wi htn tisnowneioi s- .v and i thus i tbe c uttli odes ihe 1a; a ,f 'he outouto ubeoolei coupled to e y n detector 55 t ou h on i trstaset ia siorm 6- The ube 55 simileiitol the-tu cisliown in Fig. 3except that e. condensereresis en e combina .7 is em oyed ior detect on.li u ltube 5 is cou l d; hr ugh at nsiorm -58 o an udio amplifying; tu eoathstu e choice-s milar to. thetube in Fig, l-texcent t itemnlor ecylindriqalorystalelement 65-having a band loctrode 60 encirclingits--mid section and amend electrode; 61. i :output of V the amplifier59v is connectedto a loud-speukingdeyice 67 and a so ce of ootentialca:Ih s.source ,noto 1y supplies; tube 59 but-als tiihes .54" d 55 v oonduto sstemi nat ns in: v ri b e ops 3 (and, A urceoipotentialfifisuppliesalter e s vo ta e for niod eiusio zetion o a lthe ub o erenzpbv ous. c rcuit-i1 Byp ssconden ers 68, tand '10 iu ct ontoe i ineta rnating c 7: rents-fr m th hi po n ial so rc that is, theseccudenserssh nt eswt iesource 6a byr ass t alternating: components thev outputpircuit -0 t t sc a; oend ,9 e n t r u; he ri s the re pectiveube {a eonne e to so euti nm er r sis anc s iii to and- 5 f r he purpose. oi elminati a y hum e ect, from the s u s-elfi ici bei u dersto d hat o epotentlom may :al oserve fo v th pu pose, the contro ele tr des be ng. onected ther to, A o ces idirec po ntial 7.? .p ovid sthe p operbiescforttiei uhe 5a AAHihml R-Qmll; a f w.- ty e eofqamplifyi s endrectifying circuits havebeen illustrated andde ribe fo purpos s of xplantio it: i to: be understood l hat other e,qulvalent circuits will oc urthoseiski d intlie; rt andthese are e m olloc withillthe. scope oeoppended claims. a -:Whatis claimedisic A a. l; sinlectrical: tramission system, an im out cuit, on output circuit, a iezoelectric on zeon lem nt, a control electrode connected t saidcinput ircuit, an anodeconnected to said output circuit, a plurahtyof electrodes for :saidelement connected. 3 to land; alternatin current source and-mecnszfor.connectin said plurali y of e ectrodes to common. point "on" said inputandoutnut circuits. .5 2. 1. I el ctrical. transmission system, areeetina-r device comprising a partially;v evacuated enve peharlnsrananode; a controlw electrode and a piezoelectric crystal element forionizing gas in said envelope, a plurality of electrodes for saidcrystal for connecting said crystal to an alternating current source, aninput circuit connected between said control electrode and a midpointbetween said plurality of electrodes, an output circuit connectedbetween said anode and said midepoint, andmeans for impressing Signalingenergy on said input circuit.

3. In an amplifying system, aninput circuit, an output circuit, a.vacuum discharge devicecomprising a partially evacuated envelope havinga pluralityof. electrodes and a piezoelectric crystal element positionedbetween two of said electrodes,

- o'ne'. of the other of said electrodes being connected 'to saidinputcircuit and another of said electrodes being connected to saidoutput circuit, means-connected to said crystal electrodes forenergizing said crystal element with alternating current, and means forconnecting said input and output circuits to-said enersizinsmoans forneutralizing alternating components in said energizinsmeans. LA.Ineuamplifying system. an electrical discharge u ejcomnrisine apartlallyevacuated on velope having an anode and control electrode her in, saiddevice alsoincludinc a piezoelectric crystal elementhavinga pair ofsupply electrodes d r ly connectedto an alternating current on or ysourccl meansfcr connecting said control electrode to one of said supplyelectrodes. 1m nput circuit connected between said control electrade andsaidone supply electrode and'said other supply electrode, and an outputcircuit connected etween said anode and saidsccond-mentionod supplyelectrode. 1 c

.5. In an electrical translation system, an on enna circui m ansfortuning said circuit. a van-.- uum-discharse deviceconnect d to saidtunedclr cuit, having a crystalionlzation element therein. mean forconneet said device to a second crystal ionization device fordcmodulatins signals roceivcd-..over said-antenna circuit, on audiofrequen y a plifying tube hav ng acrystal ionizae tion element therein,means for couplingsaid doe modulating, device to said audioirequencv ampy ns tubes second reproducing device connected to'the output of saidaudio frequency amplifying tube, means for ener izing said crystalionization elementin parallel froma common alternating current source,means ior polarizing the control electrodes of said mplifiers, and meansfor non trali i s the alternating omponents of said energizing currents,said mcansincluding a connection from the-electrodes 01 said devicetopoints avingv the-same. potential in said enersizina means V o. 56,. In.a plural stage electrical v translation system a p ral y of glowdischarge tubes havin a pl ality of cold electrodes in eacnof said tub sa crystal ionization element positioned in. each of-saidtube betw en twoof said coldelectrodes in each tub meansc nnectedit sai two l ce trodesin each tube for energizing said crystals, an input circuit for one ofsaidtubes connected from a point; betweensaid crystal electrodes and toanother of the electrodesthereof, an output cincuit for said tubeconnected between said crystal electrodes and a second of the electrodesthereof, an input circuitfor ano her orsaid tubes connec -r ed to thcrystalele trodes thereof said ircuit including an ance, and meansincluding aid. impedance for: coupling the. output circuit of said firstvtuloewith the input circuit of said second-tubes- "I. in a plural stageelectrical translation system, a plurality of glow discharge tubeshaving a plurality of cold electrodes in each of said tubes,piezoelectric crystals in said tubes, said crystals being positionedbetween two of said electrodes in each tube, an input circuit for aradio frequency tube connected from a point between the crystalelectrodes of said tube to another electrode thereof, an output circuitfor said tube connected from a point between said crystal electrodes anda second electrode thereof, an input circuit for a detector tube coupledto said output circuit, said input circuit being connected between thecrystal electrodes of said detector tube, means connected to saidcrystal electrodes for supplying said crystals with alternating current,and means connected across said supply means for neutralizing saidalternating current during transmission 0! signals through said tubes.

8. In an electrical transmission system, a partially evacuated envelopean input circuit, an output circuit, a crystal ionization element withinsaid envelope, a control electrode within said envelope connected tosaid input circuit, an anode within said envelope connected to saidoutput circuit, a plurality of electrodes adjacent said ionizationelement connected to an alternating current source, and means forconnecting said plurality of electrodes to said input and outputcircuits.

ALEXANDER McLEAN NICOLSON.

